我的書架

性別研究及政策發展應用服務

書目顯示

+ 加入我的書架

  • 題名：

    高齡化與少子化福利國家與照顧政策---家庭照顧者就業與照顧工作共容與永續發展---成年智障者家庭照顧者就業與照顧工作共容？(II)

  • 作者：

    周月清;劉梅君;唐文慧;張恆豪;李玉春;傅立葉

  • 出版者(機關/單位) ：

    行政院國家科學委員會

  • 關鍵字：

    智能障礙;家庭照顧者;工作與家庭;照顧工作;性別;家庭政策;勞動政策

  • 類型 ：

    政府委託研究報告

  • 執行機關 ：

    國立陽明大學衛生福利研究所

  • 研究性質 ：

    應用研究

  • 研究經費 ：

    1773

  • 研究領域 ：

    社會學;;;

  • 英文關鍵字 ：

    intellectual disability; family carer; care work; working carer; caring worker;gender; family friendly policy; labor policy;family caregiver/carer; care work; employment; gender; equality; disability;childcare; ethnic minority; ageing; birthrate declining

  • 年度 ：

    2009

  • 摘要 ：

    子計畫五之一（周）： 延續第一年研究（全職就業母親），第二年以深入訪談及兩個焦點團體訪問14位家中有重度及極重度智障子女（與家人同住）之兼職及18位未就業母親，探討母親如何因應有酬工作與家庭照顧責任，或其為何無法就業，及母親對母職及職業婦女的認同。研究結果發現兼職母親和全職母親相似，若要兼顧工作與照顧，必須有支持性非正式支持網絡；未就業母親相對為非正式支持網絡較薄弱者，多數來自低社會階層者，然這些母親即使未參與正式勞動市場，其仍然從事有酬工作，如家庭代工、家庭保母、臨時工、協助先生或其他親戚，以增加家庭收入，又可兼顧照顧子女及家庭。無論母親全職、兼職或未參與正式勞動市場，皆認為照顧好家庭、子女才是好母親應有角色，參與職場目的是為增加家庭收入，而非個人自我實現。如同托育服務，障礙子女使用日托服務部分負擔更是長期及龐大經濟負荷，母親們只好辭職在家自己照顧。另完成老人居家服務員調查(n=1,641 )，以探討比較同時也是家庭照顧者和僅為居服員者在工作滿意度和生活品質的差異，結果發現兩者只在生活品質有差異。子計畫五之二（劉、周）： 分析「工作環境安全衛生狀況認知調查」資料庫N=24552有工作者發現，16.5%受訪者家中有6歲以下幼童者，其中主要照顧者有30.3%；家中有失能者佔7.2%，其中62.0%為主要照顧者。多元迴歸分析發現針對3329位家中有6歲以下幼童者，女性、年輕、健康狀況不佳、工作滿意度高、疲勞程度高、工作投入多者較易成為家中6歲以下之主要照顧者；針對1098位家中有失能者，女性、年長、教育程度低者、上班班別不固定者、疲勞程度高者較易成為家中失能者之主要照顧者。結論，健康與是否為家庭中主要照顧者有相關，但與工作身分並無相關。這項分析很有政策意義，勞工健康情況越好，留在職場可能性就越高，這對正快速老年化與少子化台灣社會非常重要，如照顧責任多寡對勞工有顯著健康後果，則勞工所面臨照顧工作，值得政策重視，包括勞動政策及托育政策。子計畫五之三（唐）： 延續第一年訪談家庭主婦，第二年訪談15位職業婦女，探討工作與照顧衝突的職業婦女，如何做出行動的選擇。研究發現，職業婦女面臨兩種困境，一、工作影響對孩子的照顧；二、照顧孩子影響工作上的表現。前者的衝突，例如：工作時間無法配合孩子的照顧或接送需要。尤其非典型就業的工作類型，例如需夜間輪班的護士，或工時較長，如需加班的銀行業。再者，孩子上小學階段，職業婦女往往無法配合孩子放學時間，台灣課後照顧高度市場化，也使得母親容易因照顧品質考量而決定離職親自照顧。受訪的職業婦女多內向地尋求自我角色認同的轉換，將自己的「母職角色」做為個人生命週期階段性的首要認同，認為應該以孩子成長為重，越持高度母職角色認同者，越傾向調整工作來配合照顧。對於照顧與就業衝突，採被動接受的無奈，少有對體制的批判，認為制度是個人難以撼動的。總之，母親個人母職認同、其所參與就業市場結構職場特徵，與台灣兒童照顧相關的社會政策與福利體制，皆影響就業婦女照顧與工作衝突的嚴重程度，是否能共容，端視個人的認同，與家庭、市場、國家體制之間交錯互動下的結果;Sub-project 5-1 (Chou): In-depth interview were conducted 14 and 18 mothers and found that mothers needed to have strong and supportive informal support networks to share caregiving work while they were employed. Majority of non-employed mothers were from low social status background. Almost all mothers still had had a paid work (e.g., doing manufacture work at home, working as a baby sitter) although they were not employed. Some of mothers’ adult children with ID did not use the service any more due to financial reasons. These mothers perceived a good mother should have family and children needs in first priority. A national wide and mail survey (n=1641) revealed a significant effect of unpaid caregiving in terms of quality of life but not in terms of job satisfaction. Sub-project 5-2(Lieu &； Chou): Data from the 2007 National Work Environment Security and Health Survey (n=24552) were analyzed and found that 16.5% and 7.2% of participants who had a preschool child and disabled person at home； 30.3% and 62.0% of them were the primary carers of each group respectively. Logistic regression ayalyses showed that being women, younger, lower level of health, higher level of job satisfaction, higher level of fatigue, higher level of work involvement were more likely to be primary carers of the preschool children among the participants who had a preschool child at home. For those participants who had a disabled family member at home, being women, older, lower level of education, instable of working hour, higher level of fatigue were more likely to be the primary carers.Sub-project 5- 3 (Tang): This research adopted a narrative method and institutional ethnography perspective to explore and analyze the identity construction and action of middle-class working mothers under the same situation from a different viewpoint. Through interviews with 15 working mothers, it is found that they identified themselves’ choice to quit is a voluntary one, while we argued that it is a choice gap under structural constrains. They would practice intensive mothering to preserve the social image of a good mother. To avoid social stigma as a traditional housewife, they would also work part-time or as a volunteer which helps establish positive self-identification. This action has consolidated the traditional gender roles as well as encourages low state intervention on child care.

  • 計畫摘要 ：

    子計畫五之一（周）： 延續第一年研究（全職就業母親），第二年以深入訪談及兩個焦點團體訪問14位家中有重度及極重度智障子女（與家人同住）之兼職及18位未就業母親，探討母親如何因應有酬工作與家庭照顧責任，或其為何無法就業，及母親對母職及職業婦女的認同。研究結果發現兼職母親和全職母親相似，若要兼顧工作與照顧，必須有支持性非正式支持網絡；未就業母親相對為非正式支持網絡較薄弱者，多數來自低社會階層者，然這些母親即使未參與正式勞動市場，其仍然從事有酬工作，如家庭代工、家庭保母、臨時工、協助先生或其他親戚，以增加家庭收入，又可兼顧照顧子女及家庭。無論母親全職、兼職或未參與正式勞動市場，皆認為照顧好家庭、子女才是好母親應有角色，參與職場目的是為增加家庭收入，而非個人自我實現。如同托育服務，障礙子女使用日托服務部分負擔更是長期及龐大經濟負荷，母親們只好辭職在家自己照顧。另完成老人居家服務員調查(n=1,641 )，以探討比較同時也是家庭照顧者和僅為居服員者在工作滿意度和生活品質的差異，結果發現兩者只在生活品質有差異。子計畫五之二（劉、周）： 分析「工作環境安全衛生狀況認知調查」資料庫N=24552有工作者發現，16.5%受訪者家中有6歲以下幼童者，其中主要照顧者有30.3%；家中有失能者佔7.2%，其中62.0%為主要照顧者。多元迴歸分析發現針對3329位家中有6歲以下幼童者，女性、年輕、健康狀況不佳、工作滿意度高、疲勞程度高、工作投入多者較易成為家中6歲以下之主要照顧者；針對1098位家中有失能者，女性、年長、教育程度低者、上班班別不固定者、疲勞程度高者較易成為家中失能者之主要照顧者。結論，健康與是否為家庭中主要照顧者有相關，但與工作身分並無相關。這項分析很有政策意義，勞工健康情況越好，留在職場可能性就越高，這對正快速老年化與少子化台灣社會非常重要，如照顧責任多寡對勞工有顯著健康後果，則勞工所面臨照顧工作，值得政策重視，包括勞動政策及托育政策。子計畫五之三（唐）： 延續第一年訪談家庭主婦，第二年訪談15位職業婦女，探討工作與照顧衝突的職業婦女，如何做出行動的選擇。研究發現，職業婦女面臨兩種困境，一、工作影響對孩子的照顧；二、照顧孩子影響工作上的表現。前者的衝突，例如：工作時間無法配合孩子的照顧或接送需要。尤其非典型就業的工作類型，例如需夜間輪班的護士，或工時較長，如需加班的銀行業。再者，孩子上小學階段，職業婦女往往無法配合孩子放學時間，台灣課後照顧高度市場化，也使得母親容易因照顧品質考量而決定離職親自照顧。受訪的職業婦女多內向地尋求自我角色認同的轉換，將自己的「母職角色」做為個人生命週期階段性的首要認同，認為應該以孩子成長為重，越持高度母職角色認同者，越傾向調整工作來配合照顧。對於照顧與就業衝突，採被動接受的無奈，少有對體制的批判，認為制度是個人難以撼動的。總之，母親個人母職認同、其所參與就業市場結構職場特徵，與台灣兒童照顧相關的社會政策與福利體制，皆影響就業婦女照顧與工作衝突的嚴重程度，是否能共容，端視個人的認同，與家庭、市場、國家體制之間交錯互動下的結果;Sub-project 5-1 (Chou): In-depth interview were conducted 14 and 18 mothers and found that mothers needed to have strong and supportive informal support networks to share caregiving work while they were employed. Majority of non-employed mothers were from low social status background. Almost all mothers still had had a paid work (e.g., doing manufacture work at home, working as a baby sitter) although they were not employed. Some of mothers’ adult children with ID did not use the service any more due to financial reasons. These mothers perceived a good mother should have family and children needs in first priority. A national wide and mail survey (n=1641) revealed a significant effect of unpaid caregiving in terms of quality of life but not in terms of job satisfaction. Sub-project 5-2(Lieu &； Chou): Data from the 2007 National Work Environment Security and Health Survey (n=24552) were analyzed and found that 16.5% and 7.2% of participants who had a preschool child and disabled person at home； 30.3% and 62.0% of them were the primary carers of each group respectively. Logistic regression ayalyses showed that being women, younger, lower level of health, higher level of job satisfaction, higher level of fatigue, higher level of work involvement were more likely to be primary carers of the preschool children among the participants who had a preschool child at home. For those participants who had a disabled family member at home, being women, older, lower level of education, instable of working hour, higher level of fatigue were more likely to be the primary carers.Sub-project 5- 3 (Tang): This research adopted a narrative method and institutional ethnography perspective to explore and analyze the identity construction and action of middle-class working mothers under the same situation from a different viewpoint. Through interviews with 15 working mothers, it is found that they identified themselves’ choice to quit is a voluntary one, while we argued that it is a choice gap under structural constrains. They would practice intensive mothering to preserve the social image of a good mother. To avoid social stigma as a traditional housewife, they would also work part-time or as a volunteer which helps establish positive self-identification. This action has consolidated the traditional gender roles as well as encourages low state intervention on child care.

  • 資料來源 ：

    科技部政府研究資訊系統

  • 資料來源網址 ：

    https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=1889056

使用規範
一. 使用者使用本網站之電子資料之前，務請詳閱並遵守本網站著作權聲明。
二. 請尊重智慧財產權。如違反相關規定，使用者須自負相關的法律責任。
三. 不得使用工具軟體連續大量有系統地擷取本網站資料內容。
四. 資料僅供個人研究使用，不得將本網站資料作為營利商業行為之用。
:::
行政院版權所有© 最佳瀏覽解析度為1024*768以上