性別、族群與階級的交織共構---東南亞華裔青少女的性別認同與學校教育(I)
林昱瑄
行政院國家科學委員會
性別認同;女性氣質;青少女;種族/族群認同;東南亞華僑
政府委託研究報告
南華大學應用社會學系
基礎研究
522
教育學;社會學;;
Gender identity; femininities; race/ ethnicity identity; Overseas Chinese from Southeast Asia; female adolescent
2010
「當/變成」女生(to be a girl)是一種動態的認同建構過程,牽涉到一個女孩如何透過女性氣質(femininity)的概念呈現自己、定義自己在這個世界上的位置,也會影響到女孩們如何看待學校教育,以及她們對學校教育的投注。過往許多女性主義研究發現,女生在教育體系中之所以處於不利的地位,主要是因為她們在受教育的過程中被性別化,逐漸覺得自己不比男生重要,只適合從事特定女性化的行業,甚至許多女生會認為結婚和母職才是她們的天命,因而使得女生逐漸被邊緣化為社會上的附屬團體(鄭玉菁譯,2008)。不過,這種單一化的描述不僅無法解釋不同階級或種族/族群的女孩,建構女性身份認同的差異經驗,同時也忽略了女孩的抗拒和能動性。事實上,不同階級與種族的女孩,她們如何「當/變成女生」,如何實踐、展現女性氣質的模式也各有不同(Skeggs, 1997)。想要瞭解青少女的主體經驗,必須同時檢視種族/族群和社會階級如何以不同的方式交織、共構出女孩的性別認同。本研究所要探討的是目前在台灣就讀高中的東南亞華裔青少女的性別認同,企圖瞭解這些來自不同國家的華裔青少女的性別認同,如何與階級、種族動力交織,動態地建構出多樣化的青少女文化面貌,以及她們的性別認同如何影響到她們對學校教育的認同以及學業成就的表現。這個動態的過程顯示了女孩回應、抗拒結構性障礙、為自己未來人生做出選擇和發展出各種可能性的方式。也可以看得出學校教育、社會和經濟因素以及不平等和多元認同交互作用的複雜過程。;’To be a girl’ is a dynamic identity formation process. It involes how a girl represents herself , defines her own place in the world through the notion of femininity. It also influences her perception of schooling and her engagement in education. Feminist researchers have observed that school girls tend to construct ’culture of roamce or femininity’ which leads many young girls to fail identify with or invest themselves in waged labor; instead, they envision futures directed toward marriage and romance. Nevertheless, not all girls experice the same way of becoming a woman. Female gender identity is constructed through a variety of processes, and that the constituent elements are not the same for all girls. In fact, girls from different class and race have different way to become a girls. This research investigates gender identity formation of Chinese girls from Southeast Asia and its relations to girls’ engagement in education. . The research focuses on three aspects: (1) In what ways do these girls construct their classed and raced gendered identities? I will analyze the interplay of ethnicity, race and class in the production of femininities. (2) How does girls’ identity work influence their involvement in schools and their future? (3)When and how does the school impede or contribute to particulate gender identity forms of girls? The reseach is conducted with ethnography. Qualitatuve methods such as observation, semi-structured interviews and document analysis are employed. The research results will help us understand how social reproduction and resistance work in complicated and contradictory ways in the same time.
科技部政府研究資訊系統
https://www.grb.gov.tw/search/planDetail?id=2127131